Mwisi yimbere yimbere no gukora ibiti, guhitamo hagatiicyuma gisanzwe hamwe na injeniyeriifite uburemere bugaragara. Iyi ngingo iragerageza kwerekana itandukaniro rito riri hagati yubwoko bubiri bwitondewe, ritanga umurongo ngenderwaho ufasha abaguzi nubukorikori mu gufata ibyemezo byuzuye. Mugucukumbura inkomoko, inzira zogukora, nibiranga ibintu byihariye bya moteri na injeniyeri, tugamije kumurikira inzira kubashaka guhuza neza ubwiza bwimikorere nibikorwa mumishinga yabo. Waba uri umuhanga mubuhanga cyangwa DIYer ushishikaye, gusobanukirwa ishingiro ryubwoko butandukanye bizaguha imbaraga zo guhindura icyerekezo cyawe mubyukuri.
Veneer Kamere:
A. Ibisobanuro n'inkomoko:
1.Gukata uhereye ku giti (flitch) cy'igiti:
Icyerekezo gisanzweikomoka ku biti byatoranijwe neza, kandi uduce duto duto twaciwe neza uhereye hejuru yikibaho (flitch).
2.Yerekana imiterere yukuri yerekana ubwoko bwibiti nibidukikije bikura:
Buri gice cyibintu bisanzwe bitwara icyitegererezo cyihariye kandi cyukuri, gitanga ishusho yerekana ubwoko bwibiti byaturutse hamwe nibidukikije byateye imbere.
B. Uburyo bwo gukora:
1.Ibirango bikase bikurikiranye kandi bihujwe no guhuzagurika:
Igikorwa cyo gukora kirimo gukata ibiti muburyo bukurikiranye, gukora imigozi yemeza ko ibicuruzwa byarangiye bimaze guterwa, gukanda, no guhindurwa.
2.Inganda zagenewe kubungabunga ibintu bisanzwe hamwe no guhindura bike:
Igikorwa cyo gukora cyakozwe neza kugirango kibungabunge ibintu bisanzwe byinkwi, bigamije guhindura bike. Ubu buryo buteganya ko ubwiza bwibiti bwibiti bugumaho kubicuruzwa byanyuma.
3.Bimwe mubihinduka bisanzwe biteganijwe hagati yimpapuro:
Nubwo hashyizweho ingufu zo gukomeza guhuzagurika, icyerekezo gisanzwe gikubiyemo ukuri kuranga inkwi. Nkigisubizo, hari itandukaniro riteganijwe hagati yimpapuro kugiti cye, wongeyeho umwihariko wa buri gice.
Imashini ikora:
A. Ibisobanuro n'inkomoko:
Bizwi kandi nka venire yubatswe (recon) cyangwa icyuma gisubirwamo (RV):
Imashini ikora, igaragazwa nandi magambo nkayasubiwemo cyangwa yongeye guhindurwa, yerekana imiterere yayo nkibicuruzwa byahinduwe kandi byongeye gukorwa.
Kongera gukora ibicuruzwa bifite ibiti bisanzwe:
Bitandukanye nicyuma gisanzwe, icyuma gikora cyakozwe nkigicuruzwa cyongeye gukorwa, gikomeza ibiti bisanzwe nkibishingwe.
Yakozwe hifashishijwe inyandikorugero hamwe nuburyo bwateguwe mbere yo gushushanya irangi:
Ibikorwa byubwubatsi bikubiyemo gukoresha inyandikorugero hamwe nuburyo bwateguwe mbere yo gushushanya irangi, byemeza urwego rwo hejuru ruhoraho mumiterere no kurangi.
Mubisanzwe habura ipfundo ryubuso nibindi biranga kamere biboneka muri buri bwoko:
Imashini ikora neza irangwa nubuso bworoshye, mubusanzwe butagira ipfundo ryubutaka nibindi bintu bisanzwe biboneka mubwoko bwibiti. Ibi bigira uruhare muburyo bwiza.
Igumana ingano karemano yimbaho ziva mubwoko bwibanze bukoreshwa:
Mugihe icyuma gikora moteri kidafite ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga kamere, kigumana ingano yimbaho zisanzwe ziva mubwoko bwibanze, zitanga ibiti nyabyo byongeramo ubujyakuzimu nukuri kubicuruzwa byarangiye.
Guhitamo Veneer no Gutunganya:
A. Veneer Kamere ：
Ibiti byatoranijwe neza kugirango bishoboke (ibiti byo mu rwego rwa veneer):
Umusemburo usanzwe utangirana no gutoranya neza ibiti, byatoranijwe kubwiza bwo hejuru kandi bikwiranye nintego zo murwego rwo hejuru.
Uburyo bwo guteka kugirango ibiti byoroshe gukata:
Ibiti byatoranijwe bikora uburyo bwo guteka kugirango byongere ubworoherane, bigatuma birushaho kuba byiza mugice cyo gutema umusaruro.
Uduce duto duto twumye, tondora, kandi dusuzume inenge:
Uduce duto duto twa firimu twumishijwe neza, turatondekanya, kandi tugenzurwa neza kugirango tumenye kandi dukemure inenge iyo ari yo yose, tumenye ubuziranenge bwo hejuru.
Gukurikiza amahame ya FSC yo gutunganya ibidukikije kandi birambye:
Ibikorwa byose byo gukora ibimera byubahiriza amahame y’inama ishinzwe kwita ku mashyamba (FSC), byibanda ku bidukikije kandi birambye mu gushakisha inkwi no gutunganya.
B. Imashini ikora:
Ibiti byo mu rwego rwa injeniyeri byasaruwe bivuye mu bwoko bwihuta, bushobora kuvugururwa:
Icyuma gikora imashini gikoresha ibiti biva mu bwoko bw’ibiti bikura vuba kandi bishobora kuvugururwa, bishimangira kuramba mu gihe cyo gusarura.
Ibiti byacishijwe bugufi, bisiga irangi, kandi bifatanye mubice:
Ibiti bikataguwe neza, bisiga irangi ukoresheje ibishushanyo mbonera byateguwe mbere, hanyuma bigashyirwa mubice mugihe cyo gukora imashini ikora. Iyi nzira igoye igira uruhare muburyo bumwe bwibicuruzwa byanyuma.
Shimangira kuramba ukoresheje amoko ashobora kuvugururwa:
Kuramba ni ikintu cyingenzi cyibandwaho mu gukora imashini ikora, igerwaho hifashishijwe amoko y’ibiti akura vuba kandi ashobora kuvugururwa.
Akenshi igiciro gito ugereranije nicyuma gisanzwe bitewe no gukoresha ibiti bikura vuba:
Imashini ikora injeniyeri akenshi irahenze cyane kuruta iyimiterere karemano bitewe no gukoresha ibiti bikura vuba, bigira uruhare mubushobozi bwayo mugihe gikomeza ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije.
Veneer Kurangiza:
A. Veneer Kamere:
Kamere yinkwi iganisha kumabara mugihe:
Icyerekezo gisanzwe cyerekana ubwiza bwibiti, bigenda bihinduka amabara yoroheje mugihe. Iyi gahunda yo gusaza karemano yongeramo imico numwihariko kuri veneer.
Ubwoko bumwe bworoshe, ubundi bwijimye:
Ukurikije ubwoko bwibiti, ibinyabuzima bisanzwe bishobora kugira umucyo cyangwa umwijima uko bikura. Ihindagurika rigira uruhare mubukire kandi butandukanye bwiza bwubwiza bwa veneer.
B. Imashini ikora:
By'umwihariko byoroshye guhinduranya amabara:
Imashini ikora neza irashobora guhinduka cyane mugihe, cyane cyane iyo ihuye nibidukikije. Ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibi biranga muguhitamo icyuma gikoreshwa mubikorwa byihariye.
Birakwiye gukoreshwa mu nzu gusa:
Bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwo guhindura amabara hamwe ningaruka zishobora guturuka kubintu byo hanze, icyuma gikora imashini gisabwa gukoreshwa murugo. Iyi mbogamizi ituma kuramba no guhagarara neza kugaragara iyo bikoreshejwe ahantu hagenzuwe.
Ingaruka ku bidukikije:
Gukemura ingaruka rusange zibidukikije zaba naturel na injeniyeri:
Gusobanukirwa ingaruka zibidukikije byabashitsi nibyingenzi muguhitamo ibidukikije. Ibimera nyaburanga, biva mu mashyamba acungwa neza, bigira uruhare mu kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ibinyuranyo, imashini ikora, mugihe ikoresha ibiti bikura vuba, birashobora kugira ingaruka nke kubidukikije.
Tanga amakuru kubirenge bya karubone, ibyemezo biramba, hamwe nibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bya buri bwoko bwa veneer:
A. Veneer Kamere:
Ikirenge cya Carbone: Ikirenge cya karuboni ikirenge cyatewe nigikorwa cyo gutema no gutwara. Nyamara, imikorere y’amashyamba ishinzwe no kubahiriza amahame arambye arashobora kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije.
Impamyabumenyi irambye: Shakisha abiyemeza bemejwe n’imiryango nka FSC (Inama ishinzwe amashyamba), byerekana ko bakurikiza amahame akomeye y’ibidukikije n’imibereho.
Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije: Ibidukikije, iyo biva mu nshingano, bifasha kubungabunga amashyamba, urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, hamwe n’imikorere irambye.
B.Engineered Veneer:
Ikirenge cya Carbone: Imashini ikora irashobora kugira ikirenge cyo hasi cya karubone kubera gukoresha ibiti bikura vuba. Nyamara, inzira yo gukora no gutwara abantu iracyagira uruhare mubidukikije muri rusange.
Impamyabumenyi irambye: Shakisha ibyuma byabashakashatsi bifite ibyemezo nka CARB (California Air Resources Board) byubahiriza, byerekana ko byubahiriza ibipimo byangiza ikirere.
Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije: Inganda zikoreshejwe, ukoresheje amoko ashobora kuvugururwa, zigira uruhare mubikorwa by’amashyamba arambye. Nyamara, gukoresha ibifunga amarangi bigomba gutekerezwa kubidukikije.
Ibitekerezo Byibiciro Birenze Ibikoresho:
Winjire cyane mubitekerezo rusange, harimo kwishyiriraho, kubungabunga, hamwe nigihe kirekire gishobora gukoreshwa:
A.Ibiciro byo Kwishyiriraho:
Veneer Kamere: Ibiciro byo kwishyiriraho birashobora gutandukana bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwo gukorana nimpapuro zisanzwe, cyane cyane iyo bihuye nuburyo butandukanye mubyimbye cyangwa bidasanzwe.
Injeniyeri yubushakashatsi: Imashini ikora, hamwe nuburinganire bwayo, irashobora kugira amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho make nkuko inzira isanzwe.
B.Ibiciro byo Kubungabunga:
Veneer Kamere: Umuyaga karemano urashobora gusaba gahunda yihariye yo kubungabunga, harimo gutunganya buri gihe, bitewe nubwoko bwibiti hamwe n’ibidukikije.
Veneer injeniyeri: Imashini ikora, hamwe nubuso bwayo bworoshye, irashobora gusaba kubungabungwa bike, ariko birakenewe kwitonda kugirango wirinde guhindura amabara.
C.Ibikoresho Byigihe kirekire:
Veneer Kamere: Mugihe ibiciro byambere byo kubungabunga bishobora kuba byinshi, amafaranga yigihe kirekire arashobora gusubizwa nubwiza burambye hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutunganya bitabujije ukuri kwa nyirarureshwa.
Veneer Yashizweho: Nubwo icyuma gikora moteri gishobora kuba gifite igiciro cyambere cyambere, impinduka zishobora guhinduka mugihe hamwe nimbogamizi mugutunganya bishobora kugira ingaruka kumara igihe kirekire.
Muganire niba itandukaniro ryambere ryibiciro hagati yimiterere karemano na injeniyeri byuzuzwa nibindi bintu mugihe kirekire:
D.Gusuzuma ibiciro byambere:
Veneer Kamere: Ibiciro byambere kubisanzwe birashobora kuba byinshi bitewe nuburyo budasanzwe nibiranga, hamwe nibishoboka byo kwishyiriraho byinshi.
Veneer injeniyeri: Veneer injeniyeri ikunda kugira igiciro cyambere cyambere, bigatuma iba amahitamo ashimishije kumushinga wita ku ngengo yimari.
E. Ishoramari rirambye:
Veneer Kamere: Nubwo ibiciro byambere byambere, ubujurire burambye, bushobora gutunganywa, nibiranga ukuri birashobora gutuma icyerekezo gisanzwe gishobora gushora igihe kirekire muburanga bwiza no kugurisha.
Veneer injeniyeri: Mugihe ikiguzi gikora muburyo bwambere, ishoramari ryigihe kirekire rishobora guterwa nimpinduka zishobora guhinduka hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya buke.
Muri rusange Gusuzuma Agaciro:
Veneer Kamere: Itanga ubwiza bwigihe, ubushobozi bwo gutunganya, nukuri, bikagira ishoramari ryigihe kirekire kubashyira imbere ubwiza bwiza.
Injeniyeri ya injeniyeri: Itanga ubushobozi bwimbere ariko irashobora kugira imbogamizi mugukomeza kugaragara kwumwimerere mugihe kinini.
Urebye kwishyiriraho, kubungabunga, hamwe nigihe kirekire kirenze ikiguzi cyambere ni ngombwa kugirango ufate ibyemezo bisobanutse hashingiwe ku mbogamizi zingengo yigihe gito no gutekereza ku gihe kirekire.
Mu gusoza, ingingo irerekana itandukaniro ryingenzi riri hagati yimiterere karemano na injeniyeri, ikubiyemo inkomoko yabyo, uburyo bwo gukora, hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro nibyingenzi kubaguzi bashaka icyerekezo gikwiye kubyo bakeneye kandi bakunda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-18-2023
